Abstract: As mechanical waves with energy, acoustic waves interact with the atmosphere during propagation and disturb the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of atmospheric turbulence. Based on the equations of acoustic energy and turbulent energy equilibrium, the expression of the power spectrum function of the isotropic and anisotropic Non-Kolmogorov refractive index under the plane acoustic wave disturbance is derived, and the energy distribution of the sound field generated by the excitation of the plane sound source under different sound source powers and frequencies is numerically simulated, and the distribution of the non-Kolmogorov refractive index power spectrum function under different power spectral power laws and anisotropy factors is further calculated when the acoustic source parameters are fixed. The results show that when the acoustic wave transmission distance is fixed, the isotropic non-Kolmogorov refractive index power spectrum shows an overall decreasing trend with the increase of the power spectrum power law. The anisotropic Non-Kolmogorov refractive index power spectrum increased as a whole with the increase of the anisotropic factor. When the spatial wavenumber is constant, the power spectrum of the Non-Kolmogorov refractive index alternately changes with the increase of the acoustic wave transmission distance.