致密储层压裂动态裂缝渗流数学模型及参数解释方法

Mathematical modeling and parameter interpretation of dynamic fracture flow during hydraulic fracturing in tight reservoirsMathematical modeling and parameter interpretation of dynamic fracture flow during hydraulic fracturing in tight reservoirs

  • 摘要: 针对致密砂岩储层压裂施工中停泵时间短、压力曲线震荡明显、常规压后试井难以有效表征裂缝动态参数的问题,建立了一种基于施工全过程压力数据的压裂动态裂缝渗流数学模型与参数解释方法。模型以水平井单段压裂过程中“注入—起裂—扩展”动态响应为研究对象,在裂缝系统质量守恒关系基础上,引入半缝长变化系数表征裂缝半长的时变扩展特征,并构建了考虑裂缝几何动态演化的变裂缝长渗流控制方程。为实现该类时变裂缝模型的求解,采用Laplace变换推导井底压力解析表达,并结合Stehfest数值反演形成施工压力数据驱动的裂缝参数定量解释流程。相较仅考虑停泵压降数据的传统方法,本文将压裂施工全过程压力响应纳入裂缝参数解释框架;通过半缝长变化系数实现裂缝动态扩展过程的显式表征;建立了动态裂缝渗流模型、解析求解与参数反演一体化的计算方法。影响因素分析表明,最大裂缝半长和泵入速度是控制井底压力响应的主导因素,半缝长变化系数主要影响起裂后早期压力演化。现场实例应用表明,反演得到的裂缝半长为47.62m,与现场结果44.5m接近,可为致密砂岩储层压后效果评价与施工参数优化提供依据。

     

    Abstract: To address the difficulty of characterizing dynamically evolving fracture parameters in tight sandstone reservoirs from conventional post-fracturing well testing, a mathematical model and interpretation method are developed using full-stage pressure data acquired during hydraulic fracturing operations. The proposed framework targets the coupled pressure response associated with fluid injection, fracture initiation, and fracture propagation in a single stage of a horizontal well. By introducing a half-fracture-length evolution coefficient, the time-dependent growth of fracture geometry is explicitly represented, and a variable-fracture-length flow model is formulated from mass conservation within the fracture system. An analytical expression for bottom-hole pressure is derived in Laplace space, and a quantitative interpretation workflow is established through Stehfest numerical inversion. In contrast to traditional approaches that rely primarily on shut-in pressure-decline data, the present method incorporates the entire pressure history of the fracturing treatment and provides an integrated computational framework for dynamic-fracture modeling, analytical solution, and parameter inversion. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the maximum fracture half-length and pumping rate dominate the bottom-hole pressure response, whereas the half-fracture-length evolution coefficient mainly controls the early-time pressure behavior after fracture initiation. Field application shows that the interpreted fracture half-length is 47.62 m, in close agreement with the field-estimated value of 44.5 m. The proposed method offers a practical tool for post-fracturing evaluation and treatment optimization in tight sandstone reservoirs.

     

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